The World Health Organization (WHO) officially acknowledges gaming disorder in its 11th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). This disorder entails a diminished ability to control gaming habits, leading to negative repercussions in one's life persisting for at least a year, as per the ICD-11.
Despite gaming disorder not being listed in the latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) utilized in the US, the WHO's classification may still influence addiction treatment methodologies.
The recognition of gaming disorder in the ICD-11 signifies a significant advancement in the field of mental health and addiction research. The disorder is characterized by impaired control over gaming activities, resulting in adverse effects on daily functioning, as delineated in the ICD-11 criteria.
While gaming disorder may not have a direct counterpart in the DSM-V, internet gaming addiction is considered the closest equivalent. This discrepancy in classification underscores the ongoing evolution and refinement of diagnostic criteria within the field of addictions research.
Overall, the acknowledgment of gaming disorder by the WHO provides healthcare professionals with standardized criteria for identifying and addressing problematic gaming behaviors. Despite variances in diagnostic terminology between classification systems, the underlying concept of gaming disorder remains consistent, emphasizing the need for interventions to mitigate its detrimental impact on individuals' lives.
As awareness of gaming disorder continues to grow, it is imperative for researchers and clinicians to remain vigilant in their efforts to develop effective treatment strategies and support systems for individuals affected by this condition. The recognition of gaming disorder by reputable international organizations like the WHO serves as a catalyst for further research and advocacy aimed at addressing the multifaceted challenges associated with problematic gaming behaviors.
Dr. Suraji Wagage, a licensed clinical psychologist and co-founder of the Center for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Mindfulness, highlights the complexities surrounding the definition of extreme behaviors as addictions. According to Dr. Wagage, there are both advantages and drawbacks to this classification.
One of the benefits of labeling certain behaviors as addictions is the acknowledgment that they can become overwhelming or difficult to control. This recognition can reduce blame and foster understanding and compassion from others. Dr. Wagage emphasizes that addiction as a framework can help us understand behaviors that provide short-term reinforcement but are detrimental in excess. Changing such behaviors can be challenging, especially when the immediate rewards are strong.
Additionally, identifying something as an addiction can draw attention to the issue and stimulate research on effective treatments. However, there are downsides to framing behaviors as addictions. Dr. Wagage cautions that describing a problem as an addiction may make it seem more overwhelming and unchangeable. For example, playing video games excessively may negatively affect various aspects of life, such as social interactions, academic performance, and professional responsibilities.
Moreover, labeling behaviors as addictions can lead to pathologizing and stigmatizing individuals, particularly across different generations. Dr. Wagage provides an example of a college student whose parents were concerned about his extensive video game playing during the pandemic. Although the parents imposed rules and restrictions to limit his computer time, they failed to recognize the importance of gaming in his social life. Dr. Wagage suggests that restricting computer time, rather than addressing the underlying reasons for excessive gaming, may have actually decreased the student's quality of life.
In conclusion, while defining extreme behaviors as addictions can have some benefits, such as promoting understanding and encouraging research, it also poses risks, including exacerbating feelings of hopelessness and perpetuating stigma. It is essential to approach such classifications with caution and consider the individual circumstances and motivations underlying these behaviors.
Dr. Howard Pratt, a psychiatrist and the behavioral health medical director at Community Health of South Florida Inc., describes the complex nature of digital devices, referring to them as a "double-edged sword." While these devices are invaluable for productivity, they also serve as a source of entertainment, leading to a slippery slope where work-related activities can easily transition into gaming sessions.
Encouraging accountability, Dr. Pratt emphasizes the importance of recognizing excessive gaming behavior, particularly when it consumes significant amounts of time. Identifying problematic gaming habits often relies on self-awareness, with patients typically being the first to acknowledge when their gaming behavior becomes problematic.
However, Dr. Pratt notes that there isn't a unanimous consensus among mental health experts regarding the diagnosis of gaming disorder. While some professionals are hesitant to fully embrace the classification, others acknowledge the potential therapeutic benefits of gaming for individuals experiencing anxiety or emotional distress. Despite its temporary soothing effects, excessive gaming may serve as a superficial solution to underlying discomforts that require addressing.
Dr. Pratt underscores that many individuals who engage in excessive gaming ultimately desire to reduce or cease their gaming habits. Recognizing the negative impacts of gaming addiction, some may even refrain from providing games to their children to prevent them from developing similar addictive behaviors.
Dr. Matt Glowiak, a psychotherapist, sheds light on the individualized nature of video game addiction, emphasizing that each client's experience varies. He places importance on understanding the client's perspective, including their perception of the problem, its severity, their willingness to change, and past attempts to address it. Dr. Glowiak begins treatment by considering abstinence from gaming, which he views as the most effective approach. This may involve limiting device usage, removing gaming-related content, blocking specific websites, and finding alternative activities with meaningful purposes.
Throughout treatment, Dr. Glowiak explores the eight dimensions of wellness with clients, addressing emotional, spiritual, intellectual, physical, environmental, financial, occupational, and social aspects. Success in these areas often reduces the urge to game. For clients resistant to complete abstinence, harm reduction strategies are considered.
Despite not being formally recognized in the DSM-5, video game addiction garners attention in the field. Dr. Glowiak highlights the need for more comprehensive diagnostic and treatment protocols, advocating for official recognition of the condition. He emphasizes that treatment extends beyond gaming behaviors to address underlying issues contributing to problematic gaming habits. Through ongoing research, evidence continues to mount supporting the clinical significance of video game addiction.
Dr. Rashmi Parmar, a psychiatrist at Mindpath Health, acknowledges the pervasive influence of technology in today's digital era. She notes its prevalence across various aspects of life, from entertainment to education and work, with devices like laptops and smartphones becoming increasingly indispensable.
Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, technology proved invaluable. However, Dr. Parmar warns of potential consequences in the absence of adequate monitoring and regulations. The World Health Organization's recognition of video game addiction as a disorder resolves a longstanding debate among experts. Dr. Parmar believes this acknowledgment facilitates standardized identification of patients in need of intervention.
As awareness of video game addiction grows, so does understanding of its symptoms and diagnostic criteria. Treatment protocols are evolving accordingly to better address this challenge. Dr. Parmar advocates for cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which targets obsessive thoughts and can concurrently address mood and anxiety disorders.
Additionally, group therapy offers motivation and support, as individuals share similar experiences and discover effective coping strategies. Learning to set boundaries is essential in managing technology misuse. Dr. Parmar advises establishing specific time limits for device usage and avoiding non-essential use during leisure hours.
Dr. Rachel Altvater, founder of Creative Psychological Health Services and a play therapist, delves into the complexities of unhealthy gaming habits, emphasizing the underlying reasons driving individuals to immerse themselves in this digital space. Through her clinical approach, Dr. Altvater seeks to understand the motivations behind prolonged engagement with gaming, recognizing that such behaviors serve a purpose in individuals' lives.
In her practice, Dr. Altvater employs a variety of therapeutic methods tailored to the developmental needs of her clients, with play serving as a primary mode of communication, particularly for children. She emphasizes the importance of meeting clients where they are, embracing their virtual worlds as a means of connecting with them authentically.
Acknowledging the classification of gaming disorder by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2018, Dr. Altvater highlights the ongoing research efforts aimed at understanding the therapeutic benefits of gaming interventions. She references EndeavorRx®, an FDA-approved video game treatment for children with ADHD, as an example of a clinically proven intervention.
Dr. Altvater underscores the cultural significance of technology, noting that unfamiliarity with new technologies can breed fear and resistance. Rather than hastily labeling behaviors as problematic, she advocates for deeper exploration and understanding. Dr. Altvater encourages individuals to self-reflect on their relationship with technology, emphasizing the importance of maintaining a neutral stance and approaching the subject with curiosity and clarity.
Overall, Dr. Altvater's approach emphasizes empathy, curiosity, and a holistic understanding of individuals' connections to their virtual spaces. By uncovering the underlying motivations driving unhealthy technology use, she strives to empower her clients to find balance and develop healthier relationships with technology.